|
|
Occupations: A basic primer of archaic terms
Through the years,
the english language has changed radically. The names of occupations have varied
with these changes and can be a source of confusion and distress for researchers. This
is a listing of the more common occupationally related names used between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries.
|
|
- ACATER: one who supplied food provisions, such as a ships chandler
- ACCIPITRARY a falconer or keeper and tamer of hawks
- ACCOMPANT: an accountant
- ACCOUCHEUR / ACCOUCHEUS: one who assisted women in childbirth
- ACCOUTREMENT MAKER / ACCOUTRE: a supplier of military accessories
- ACRE-MAN / ACKERMAN: a man who ploughed or cultivated the land
- ACTUARY: a statistician who computed insurance risks and premiums
- AGENT: a person who acted on behalf of a company or another person
- AGRICULTURIST: a person involved with land cultivation or animal husbandry
- ALABASTERER: one who worked with alabaster
- ALCHEMIST: a medieval chemist who claimed to be able to turn base metals into
gold
- ALE DRAPER: an ale-house keeper
- ALE TASTER: an officer appointed in every court precinct to inspect ale, beer,
and bread, and examine the quality and quantity within his precincts
- ALE TUNNER: a person employed by the brewery to fill ale casks called "tuns"
with ale
- ALEWIFE a woman who kept an alehouse or tavern
- ALL SPICE: grocer
- ALMONER: an officer who distributed charity or alms; by ancient law every monastery
was to disperse a tenth of its income in alms to the poor, and all bishops were obliged to keep an almoner
- ALMSMAN: a person supported by charity or one who lived on alms
- ALNAGER: official who examined the quality of woolen goods and stamped them
with the town seal of approval
- AMANUENSIS: one who is employed to take dictation or to copy manuscript
- AMBER CUTTER: a person who cut ambergris
- ANCHOR SMITH: one who made anchors
- ANCHORESS: a female hermit or religious recluse
- ANCHORITE: a person who has retired into seclusion for religious reasons
- ANKLE BEATER: a young person who helped to drive the cattle to market
- ANNATTO MAKER: a person who worked in the manufacture of dyes for paint or
printing
- ANTIGROPELOS MAKER: a person who made waterproof leggings
- ANVIL SMITH: a person who made anvils and hammers for blacksmiths
- APIARIANA: beekeeper
- APOTHECARY: a druggist
- APPRENTICE: one who was bound to a skilled worker for a specified time to learn
a trade
- APRONMAN: [obsolete] a laboring man; a mechanic
- AQUAVITA SELLER: liquor seller
- ARBITER: a witness or judge
- ARCHER: a person skilled in using a bow and arrow
- ARCHIATOR: a physician
- ARCHIVIST: one who kept historical records
- ARGOLET: a mounted bowman
- ARKWRIGHT: a skilled craftsman who produced "arks" (wooden chests)
- ARMIGER: one entitled to bear arms, such as knight or esquire
- ARMOURER: one who made suits or plates of armor for buildings or ships
- ARPENTEUR: a land-surveyor
- ARTIFICER: a blacksmith; one who made fuses, grenades, shells, etc.
- ARTISAN: a skilled tradesman
- ASHMAN: a dustman
- ASSAY MASTER: one who determined the amount of gold or silver to go in coins
- ASSAYER: one who examined characteristics (weight, measure or quality) to determine
a value
- AUGER MAKER: one who made the carpenters augers for boring holes in wood
- AULNAGER: See Alnager
- AURIFABER / AURIFEX: a goldsmith
- AVENATOR: a hay and forage merchant
- AVOWRY: term for the lord of the manor
- AXLE TREE MAKER / AXLE TREE TURNER: one who made axles for coaches and wagons
- BACKMAKER: a person who made "backs", vats, tubs, a Cooper
- BACKSTER: originally, a female baker; later, a baker of either sex
- BACK'US BOY: kitchen servant
- BADGER: a licensed pauper who wore a badge with the letter "P" on it and could
only work in a defined area; a corn miller or dealer; an itinerant food trader
- BADGY FIDDLER: a boy trumpeter in the military
- BAGMAN: a traveling salesman; one who showed samples and solicits order for
a manufacturer
- BAGNIOKEEPER: a person in charge of a bath house or brothel
- BAILIE: bailiff
- BAILIFF: [1] a court attendant entrusted with duties such as the maintenance
of order in a courtroom during a trial; [2] an official who assisted a British sheriff and who had the power to execute writs,
processes, and arrests; [3] (chiefly British) an overseer of an estate; a steward
- BALISTER: a cross-bowman
- BAIRMAN / BAREMAN: pauper, beggar
- BALANCER: a person employed in the coal mines to operate the "balance" which
is a slope with a pulley at the top where empty coal tubs pulled full tubs up the slope
- BALER: one who bales of hay
- BALLAD MONGER: one who sold printed ballads on the street
- BALLAST HEAVER: a person who loaded ballast into the hold of empty ships
- BALLER UP: a person who assisted the potter by measuring out the balls of clay
- BAND FILER: a metal worker in the gun making industry
- BANDSTER: [obsolete] one who bound sheaves after reapers during a harvest
- BANG BEGGAR: [slang] a constable who carried a strong staff
- BANKER: a person who dug trenches and ditches to allow drainage of the land,
placing the surplus earth in banks around the edge
- BANKS MAN: [1] an overseer at a coal mine; [2] a bank manager
- BANQUETER: a broker or banker
- BARBER-CHIRURGEON - a person who practiced surgery and was a barber; in the
18th century an Act was passed that limited Barbers to hair-cutting, shaving, dentistry and blood letting
- BARD: a poet or minstrel
- BARGEMAN: one who worked on or owned and operated a barge
- BARKEEPER: a toll keeper
- BARKER: [obsolete] a tanner
- BARKMAN: a bargeman
- BARM BREWER: a person who made yeast
- BARREL FILER: a person employed in the gun manufacturing industry
- BARTONER / BARTON: a person in charge of the monastic farm
- BASIL WORKER: a person who worked with sheep and goat skins
- BASKETMAN: person who made baskets and furniture from wicker; one employed
to empty the basket of coal being offloaded from the colliers into the barges
- BATMAN: an officer's servant in the army
- BATTLEDORE MAKER: one who made the beaters used on clothes, carpets, etc. to
remove the dust
- BAWD: a procurer or procuress for a house of prostitution
- BAXTER: a baker
- BAYWEAVER: one who wove bay, a fine woolen fabric also known as baize
- BEADLE: a town crier or warrant officer; a lowly parish officer appointed to
keep order in church, punish petty offenders, and act as a servant or messenger of the parish
- BEAMSTER: the man who worked at the beam in a tannery
- BEAVER: one who made felt used in hat making
- BEDMAN: a sexton
- BEDDER: [1] an upholsterer; [2] one who took care of the breeding of cattle;
[3] a bed-maker
- BEDWEAVER: a person who made the webbing for bed frames, also a person who
wove quilts
- BEESKEPMAKER: beehive maker
- BEEKEEPER / BEEMASTER: a person who raised and kept bees for their honey
- BELL FOUNDER: one who made bells
- BELL HANGER: the person who installed bells in churches
- BELLMAN: a town crier employed to make public announcements in the streets
- BELL RINGER: one in charge of ringing the town's church bells
- BELLOWFARMER: person responsible for the care and maintenance of the church
organ
- BELLOWS MAKER: a person who made bellows used for organs or blacksmiths' fires
- BELLY BUILDER: a person who built and fitted the interiors of pianos
- BENDER: a person who cut leather
- BERNER: [obsolete] a man in charge of a pack of hounds
- BESOM MAKER: [obsolete] one who made brooms
- BIBLIOTHECARY: a librarian
- BIDDY: female servant usually of Irish stock
- BID-STAND: [obsolete] one who bade travelers to "stand and deliver"; a highwayman
or robber
- BILL POSTER: a person who put up notices, signs and advertisements
- BINDER: one who bound items such as books
- BIRD BOY: a person employed to scare away birds from crops
- BIRD CATCHER; a person who caught birds for selling
- BIRDS NEST SELLER: a person who sold birds nest collected from the wild complete
with eggs; these were then hatched by domestic birds and sold as pets
- BLACKING MAKER: a person who made polish for shoes
- BLACK BORDERER: a person who made black edged stationery for funerals
- BLADESMITH: sword maker or knife maker
- BLEMMERE: a plumber
- BLOCKCUTTER / BLOCKER: a person who made wooden blocks used in the hat trade;
a person who laid down the blocks on which a ships keel was laid
- BLOCK MAKER: a person who engraved the blocks used in the printing trade
- BLOCK PRINTER: a printer who used wooden blocks for printing
- BLOODLETTER / BLOODMAN: the person who used leeches for letting blood
- BLOOMER: a person who produced iron from ore
- BLOWER: [1] a glass blower; [2] a person who operated a "blowing machine" used
to clean and separate fibers in the textile trade; [3] a person who operated the bellows at a blacksmiths
- BLUESTOCKING female writer
- BLUFFER: a landlord
- BOARDING OFFICER: one who inspected ships before entering port
- BOARDWRIGHT: a carpenter
- BOATMAN: a person who worked on a boat, predominately on rivers and canals;
boat repairer
- BOATSWAIN: an officer in charge of the sails and rigging
- BOBBER: [1] a person who polished metals; [2] person who helped to unload fishing
boats
- BOCHER: [obsolete] butcher
- BODEYS MAKER / BODY MAKER: a person who made bodices for womens garments
- BODGER: a craftsman who made wooden chair legs and the spars
- BOILERMAKER: one who worked with metal in any industrial setting
- BOILER PLATER: a person who made rolled iron plate used to make boilers for
steam engines
- BOLTER: a person who sifted meal
- BONDAGER: a female worker on a farm who was bonded
- BONDMAN: a person bonded to a master for the purpose of learning a skill or
trade
- BONE BUTTON TURNER: a person who made buttons using a lathe
- BONE LACE MAKER: one who made pillow lace
- BONE PICKER: See Rag Picker
- BONESETTER: a person who set broken bones
- BONIFACE: an innkeeper
- BOOK GUILDER: one who decorated books with gold leaf
- BOONMASTER: a surveyor of roads with the responsibilities of maintaining and
repairing the road
- BOOT-CATCHER: the person at an inn whose business was to pull off boots
- BOOTBINDER: one employed to operate the machines which bound footwear
- BOOT CLOSER: one who worked in the shoe trade stitching together all the parts
of a shoe upper
- BOOTHMAN: a corn merchant
- BORLERA: a person who made cheap coarse clothing
- BOTCHER: a cobbler; a tailor; an unskilled laborer
- BOTTILER / BOTTLER: a person who made leather containers for holding liquids
such as wine flasks or water bottles
- BOTTLE BOY: a pharmacist's assistant
- BOWLER: [1] a person who made bowls and dishes; [2] one who made the rounded
part of spoons before casting
- BOWLMAN: a dealer in crockery
- BOWYER: a person in the bow trader; an archer
- BRABENER: a weaver
- BRACHYGRAPHER: a person who wrote short hand
- BRAKEMAN / BRAKESMAN: a person who operated the winch at the pit head; a person
who operated the braking mechanism on trains and trams
- BRASIATOR: a brewer of ale
- BRASS FINISHER: one who polished brass goods
- BRASS CUTTER: a person who made copperplate engravings
- BRASS FOUNDER: one who cast brass
- BRAYER: a person who ground things up in a mortar
- BRAZIER: one who works in brass
- BREACH MAKER: a person who made the breach for guns
- BREWSTER: a female brewer
- BRICKBURNER / BRICKMAKER: a person who used a kiln to make bricks
- BRICKMAN / BREAKMAN: a bricklayer
BRIDEWELL KEEPER: the person in charge of a lock-up or jail
- BRIDGEMAN: toll keeper at bridges
- BRIGHTSMITH: tinsmith
- BROADCLOTH WEAVER: a person who operated a wide loom
- BROAD COOPER: a person employed as a go-between for the brewery and the innkeepers
- BROGGER: a wool merchant
- BROOM DASHER: a dealer in brooms
- BROOM SQUIRE: one who made brooms from birch
- BROWDERER / BROIDERER: an embroiderer
- BROWNSMITH: a person who worked with copper or brass
- BUCK WASHER: a laundress
- BUCKLER / BUCKLESMITH: a person who made buckles
- BUCKLE TONGUE MAKER: a person who made the metal points that go in the holes
of a belt
- BULLWHACKER: a bullock or oxen driver
- BUMBOAT MAN: one who met ships at anchor, with goods for passengers and crew
to purchase
- BUNTER: a rag and bone woman
- BURGONMASTER: mayor
- BURLER: one who dresses or readies cloth for sale by removing flaws, knots,
or imperfections
- BURMAIDEN: [also BOWERMAIDEN] - a chambermaid or lady in waiting
- BURYEMAN: a grave digger
- BUSHELER: a tailor's assistant
- BUSKER: [obsolete] a hair dresser
- BUSS MAKER: a maker of guns
- BUTNER: button maker
- BUTTON BURNISHER: one who polished buttons
- CABBIE: driver of a small horse drawn passenger vehicle
- CAD: a person employed to feed and water horses at coach stops
- CADDY BUTCHER: horse meat butcher
- CADGER: a beggar
- CAINER: a person who made walking sticks
- CALCINER: a person who burnt bones to make powdered lime
- CALENDER: a person who listed documents
- CALKER: an astrologer or magician
- CAMBIST: a banker or one who dealt in notes and bills
- CAMBRIC MAKER: a person who made a fine linen or cotton fabric called cambric
- CAMERIST: a lady's maid
- CANDLE MAKER / CANDLER: one who made and sold candles
- CANDY MAN: [1] an itinerant candy salesman; [2] a bailiff or process server
- CANER: a person who made the seats for chairs out of woven cane
- CANTER: a beggar or vagrant
- CANTING CALLER: an auctioneer
- CANVASER: a person who made canvas
- CAPE MERCHANT: the head merchant in a factory
- CAPER: a cap maker
- CAPTAIN: [1] a person in charge of a ship or a group of soldiers; [2] an overseer
- CARDER: one who carded wool
- CARDMAKER: [1] A person who made the handheld implement used for carding wool
and cotton; [2] the maker of playing cards
- CARNIFEX: an executioner or butcher
- CARTER: a wagoner, stable headman, or charioteer
- CARTOGRAPHER: a map maker
- CARTOMANCER: a fortune teller who used cards
- CART WHEELER: one who made cart wheels
- CARTWRIGHT: one who made carts or wagons
- CASTER / CASTOR: maker of small bottles used for sprinkling salt, pepper, sugar,
etc.
- CASTRATOR: [also GELDER] one who castrated farm animals
- CATTLE JOBBER: a person who bought and sold cattle
- CAULKER: a person who made boats watertight by caulking the seams
- CELLARMAN: one who looked after the beer, wines and spirits in public houses
or the warehouse
- CHAFFERER: a dealer in chaff
- CHAISE MAKER: wicker cart maker
- CHALONER: blanket maker
- CHAMBERLAIN: a steward to either royalty or nobility, in charge of the household
- CHAMBERMAID: a female servant who attended to the bedrooms in a house or inn
- CHAMBERMASTER: a shoemaker who worked in his own home
- CHANDLER: originally, one who made or sold candles; a retail dealer in provisions,
groceries, etc.
- CHANTY MAN: the sailor who led the singing on board ship
- CHAPELER: a person who made and sold hats
- CHAPMAN: an itinerant peddler or one who kept a booth in a marketplace
- CHARCOAL BURNER: a person who made charcoal usually in the woods where the
trees were cut
- CHARWOMAN: a cleaning woman hired by the day
- CHASER: engraver
- CHEESEMAN / CHEESE MONGER: cheese dealer
- CHIFFONNIER: wig maker
- CHRONOLOGIST: one who recorded official events of historical importance
- CLICKER: a merchant's servant who would stand at the door and invite customers
into the store; a foreman in a shoemaker's shop
- CLOD-HOPPER: a ploughman or agriculture laborer
- CLOGGER: one who made wooden shoes for sale
- CLOTHIER / CLOTHESMAN: a person who made or sold clothes
- CLOWER: a person who made nails
- COACHMAN: a person who drove any coach
- COAL HEAVER: one who unloaded coal from ships
- COALMAN: a person who sold coal usually from a horse and cart, house to house
- COALY: a coal heaver
- COBBLER: a shoemaker
- COCKFEEDER: a person who looked after fighting cocks
- CODMAN: a fish seller
- COGMEN: men who bought and sold a coarse cloth called cogware
- COILLOR: [obsolete] a collector
- COISTSELL: a groom in charge of the care of a knight's horse
- COLLAR MAKER: a person who made collars
- COLLIER: a coal miner or coal merchant
- COLPORTEUR: an itinerant book salesman, most often one employed by a society
to travel about and sell or distribute Bibles and religious writings
- CONEY CATCHER: a rabbit catcher
- CONFECTIONERY: a maker of sweets; sometimes, one who made medicines or poisons
- CONNOR: one who tested, examined, or inspected
- COOPER: one who made or repaired wooden casks, kegs or tubs
- COPEMAN - [1] a dishonest merchant, especially in horses; [2] a receiver of
stolen goods
- COPER: a horse dealer
- COPPERSMITH: one who worked with copper
- CORDER: a colonial official whose duty was to verify cords of wood before sale
- CORDWAINER: a shoemaker or worker of leather
- CORK CUTTER: one who worked with cork
- CORN CUTTER: a podiatrist
- COSTERMONGER: originally, a seller of apples; a fruit seller, especially in
the open street
- COTELER / COTYLER: one who made and repaired knives
- COUPER: one who bartered, dealt, or bought and sold
- COURANTEER: a journalist, reporter, or newspaper publisher
- COURTIER: the owner and driver of a horse and cart known as a court
- COWHERD: a cow keeper; one who tended cows
- COWPER: one who made wooden items
- CRACKER BOY - a boy employed to clean and sort slate and other impurities from
the coal crushed by the crackers (machines that crush anthracite coal)
- CRAFTIMAN: a craftsman
- CRAMER: a peddler who sold books in the marketplace; a hawker
- CRATE MAN: a person who sold earthenware door to door
- CRIMPET MAKER: a person who baked crumpets
- CROCKER: one who made crockery; potter
- CROFTER: a tenant who worked a small piece of ground, having another vocation,
such as fishing
- CROOKMAKER: a person who made shepherd's crooks and walking sticks
- CROPPER: a tenant who worked a piece of ground and got a portion of the crop
in payment
- CROWNER: a coroner
- CURER: one who cured tobacco
- CURRIER: a craftsman who treated animal skins with oil or grease
- CUTLER: one who made, dealt, and sharpened knives, scissors, and other cutting
instruments
- DAIRYMAN: a man who rented, owned, or managed a dairy and made his living by
selling dairy products
- DAMSTER: in logging operations, one who supervised the building of a dam
- DAY LABORER: a man who worked on a hire-by-the-day basis
- DECOYMAN: a person employed to decoy the wild fowl, animals, etc. into a trap
or within shooting range
- DELVER: ditch digger
- DIKER: one who built dikes or dug ditches or trenches
- DISHER / DISH THROWER: a person who made bowls and dishes
- DISH TURNER: one who made wooden bowls or dishes
- DOCKER: dock worker who loads and unloads cargo
- DOCK MASTER: a person in charge of a dockyard
- DOG BREAKER: dog trainer
- DOG LEECH: a veterinarian
- DOMESMAN: a judge
- DOOR-KEEPER: a janitor, porter, or guard
- DOWSER: a person who claimed to be able to find water using a forked stick
or dowsing stick
- DRAINER: a person who made drains
- DRAPER: originally, a maker of woolen cloth, later a dealer in cloths of all
kinds
- DRAWER: one who drew and served liquor for tavern customers
- DRAYMAN: one who drove a cart carrying heavy loads, often used in connection
with a brewery
- DRESSER: [1] one who dressed another (a tire woman); [2] surgeon's assistant
in a hospital
- DRESSMAKER: clothing maker
- DRIVER: the overseer of a group of slaves
- DROVER: a driver of sheep and cattle
- DRYSALTER - one who dealt in salted or dried meats, pickles, sauces, chemical,
and dyes
- DUFFER: a peddler or hawker who sold cheap or trashy goods
- DUSTMAN: a janitor or garbage man
- DYER: one who dyed material
- EARER: a ploughman
- EGGLER: an egg or poultry dealer
- ELYMAKER: oil maker
- EMBOSSER: a person who molded or carved designs that were raised above the
surface of the material
- EMPRESARIO: a man who performed a specific deed, such a importing a certain
number of settlers, in return for land grants and power; land broker, settlement scheme promoter, showman
- EMPTOR: a buyer
- ENGRAVER / ETCHER: one who cut or carved designs or lettering in metal or stone
- ENUMERATOR: census taker
- EREMITE: hermit
- ESSENCE PEDDLER: one who sold medicines, flavorings, elixirs, etc.
- EXCISEMAN: a government official who collected excises (taxes)
- EYER: a person who made eyes in needles used for sewing; also called a Holer
- FACTOR: a commissioned agent; one who sold goods for another in his own name
and received a commission
- FAGETTER: a person who made up faggots into bundles; seller of firewood
- FANNER: one who winnowed (separated the chaff from the grain by means of air
movement) grain with a fan
- FARRIER: a blacksmith or one who shoes horses
- FASHIONER: one who fashioned or formed anything, especially clothing
- FEATHER-BEATER: one who cleaned feathers
- FEATHER-DRESSER: a person who cleaned and prepared feathers for sale
- FEATHERMAN: a dealer in feathers and plumes
- FELLER: a woodcutter
- FELLMONGER: one who removed hair or wool from hides in preparation for leather
making; a dealer in animal skins and hides, especially sheepskin
- FELTER: a worker in the hat making industry
- FENCE VIEWER: a person legally appointed to inspect and report on the condition
of fences.
- FERRER: a smith who worked in iron
- FISH FAG: a woman who sold fish
- FLAX DRESSER: one who prepared flax prior to spinning
- FLESHER: [1] a butcher; [2] one who worked in a tannery
- FLESHMONGER: one who dealt in flesh; a pimp
- FLETCHER: a maker of and dealer in bows and arrows
- FLOATER: a vagrant
- FLUSHERMAN: a person who cleaned out water mains
- FLYING STATIONER: a street broadsheet seller
- FOGGER: [1] a peddler who carried small wares from village to village; [2]
a low-class lawyer; [3] a middleman in the nail and chain trade; [4] an agricultural laborer who fed cattle
- FOOT-BOY: a servant or attendant in livery
- FOOT-MAIDEN: a female attendant
- FOOTMAN: a servant who would run errands among his other duties
- FORGER: blacksmith
- FORESTALLER: one who bought goods before they come to market in order to raise
the price
- FOSSETMAKER: a person who made faucets for ale-casks
- FRAME SPINNER: a worker on a loom
- FRINGEMAKER: one who made fringes or ornamental borders of cloth
- FRIPPERER: one who bought and sold old clothes
- FRISEUR: a hair dresser
- FRUITERER: a person who bought and sold fruit
- FRUITESTERE: a female fruit seller
- FULKER: a pawnbroker or money lender
- FULLER: a person who fulled (processed) cloth by increasing the weight and
bulk of fabric by shrinking, beating, or pressing it
- FURBISHER: a person who polished armor
- FURNER: a baker; one in charge of the ovens
- FURRIER: one who bought, sold, and/or made furs
- FUSTIAN WEAVER: a maker of corduroy
- GAFFER: a headman or foreman of a work gang
- GANGREL: a vagrant or roving beggar
- GANNEKER: an alehouse keeper
- GAOLER: a jailer
- GARCION: a serving man or groom, usually a young man or boy
- GATER: a watchman
- GATWARD: a goat keeper
- GAUNTER: a glover
- GELDER: castrator of animals, especially horses
- GILDER: one whose occupation was to overlay an item with gold leaf
- GINOUR: an engineer
- GIRDLER: one who made girdles
- GLAZIER: a glasscutter; a person who glazed pottery, paper, etc.
- GOLDSMITH: a banker; one who dealt in articles made of gold; a craftsman who
makes vessels and ornaments of gold
- GOOSE HERD: one who herded geese
- GOOSE HERDER: an itinerant tailor
- GRACE WIFE: a midwife
- GRAFFER: a notary or scrivener
- GRAINER: one who produced artificial grain in wood
- GRANGER: a farmer, bailiff, or steward of a farm
- GRAVER: one who carved or engraved letters or figures in stone
- GRAZIER: one who pastured and raised cattle for market
- GREEN GROCER: a retailer of greens
- GREENSMITH: worker in copper or latten
- GRINDER: one who operated a grinding machine in any of several trades
- GUMMER: a person who improved old saws by deepening the cuts
- HABERDASHER: one who sold men's furnishings, i.e. hats, shirts, handkerchiefs,
gloves, etc.
- HACKNER: one who made or used hoes, mattocks, etc.
- HACKNEY MAN: one who rented horses and carriages
- HAIRWEAVER: weaver of cloth composed wholly or partly of horsehair
- HAND WOMAN: a midwife; a female attendant
- HARLOT: [1] loose woman; [2] vagabond, beggar, rogue; [3] male servant, attendant
or menial
- HARPER: a performer on the harp
- HATCHELER: one who cleaned or dressed flax
- HAWKER: an itinerant peddler or huckster
- HAYMONGER: a dealer in hay
- HAYWARD: an officer formerly charged with the repair of cattle fences and the
retention of cattle in the town common.
- HEDGER: one who planted or trimmed hedges
- HEELMAKER: one who made shoe heels
- HENCHMAN: a horseman or groom
- HEWER: a miner who cut coal, stone; a face worker in a mine
- HIGGER: a person who peddled merchandise
- HIGHWAYMAN: a robber who worked the public roads
- HIND a farm laborer, household or domestic servant
- HOBBLER: [1] a soldier on horseback; [2] one who towed a boat with a rope along
a river bank
- HOD: a bricklayer's laborer
- HODMAN: a mason's helper
- HOGGARD: a pig drover
- HOOPER: a cooper; one who put the hoops on casks or tubs
- HORNER: a worker in horn making spoons, combs, or musical horns
- HORSE-CAPPER: a dealer in worthless horses
- HORSE COPER: a horse dealer or breeder
- HORSE COURSER: a man who keeps race horses
- HORSE LEECH: veterinarian
- HOSIER: a retailer of stockings, socks, gloves, nightcaps, etc.
- HOSTLER: [1] a stableman or groom; [2] one who serviced railroad engines
- HOSTELER: one who received and lodged guests
- HOUSE JOINER: one who built house frames
- HOUSEWRIGHT: a carpenter or house builder
- HOYMAN: a person who engaged in the carriage of goods and passengers by water
- HUCKSTER: a peddler or salesman
- HUSBANDMAN: farmer
- ICEMAN: an ice dealer; one who delivered ice to customers
- INFIRMARIAN: a person in charge of an infirmary
- INNHOLDER: an innkeeper
- INTELLIGENCER: a spy
- INTENDANT: a director of a public or government business
- INTERFACTOR: a murderer
- IRONMASTER: the owner or manager of an iron foundry
- IRONMONGER: a dealer in iron and hardware
- IRON SMITH: blacksmith; worker in iron
- IVORY WORKER: one who made such things as piano keys, combs, billiard balls,
and buttons
- JACK: a young male assistant, sailor, or lumberjack
- JACKSMITH: a maker of lifting machinery
- JAGGER: a carrier, carter, peddler or hawker; in mining, a man who carried
ore on a pack-horse from a mine to the smelter; a boy who had charge of the jags or train or trucks in a coal mine
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|